Water is polar because of its molecular structure and the arrangement of its atoms. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, meaning it has a stronger attraction for electrons. As a result, the oxygen atom pulls the shared electrons closer to itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges (δ+) on the hydrogen atoms.
This unequal distribution of charge within the water molecule creates a dipole, with the oxygen atom being slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms being slightly positive. This dipole moment gives water its polarity. The polar nature of water allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and other polar molecules, which contributes to its unique properties such as high boiling point, surface tension, and solvent capabilities.
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