Why do periods hurt?

Periods can be painful for several reasons:

1. Hormonal changes:

During the menstrual cycle, the levels of hormones like estrogen and progesterone fluctuate. These hormonal changes can cause the uterus to contract, leading to cramps and pain.

2. Prostaglandins:

The lining of the uterus produces chemicals called prostaglandins, which help the uterus contract and shed its lining during menstruation. Higher levels of prostaglandins can cause stronger and more painful contractions, resulting in menstrual cramps.

3. Endometriosis:

This is a condition where the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of it, such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic organs. This can cause severe pain during periods.

4. Fibroids:

These are non-cancerous growths that can develop in the uterus. Depending on their size and location, they can cause pain and discomfort during menstruation.

5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):

This is an infection of the female reproductive organs, usually caused by sexually transmitted infections. PID can lead to inflammation and pain during periods.

6. Adenomyosis:

This condition occurs when the tissue that lines the uterus grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. It can cause heavy and painful periods.

It's important to note that while some discomfort during periods is normal, severe or debilitating pain should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying conditions.

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